Embedded Systems Error Code
Systems & Devices
Embedded Systems

ILLEGAL INSTRUCTION | Invalid CPU instruction

Industry
Systems & Devices
Canonical
/systems/embedded-systems/error-codes/illegal-instruction/
Last Updated
Feb 27, 2026
Summary

The CPU attempted to execute an invalid instruction and trapped into a fault state.

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What This Code Means

An “illegal instruction” fault indicates the CPU attempted to execute an instruction that is not valid in the current execution mode or for the target architecture. It can be caused by corrupted code memory or incorrect binary builds.

Where Users Usually See This Code

  • Device status screens or logs
  • During startup or initialization sequences
  • While interacting with sensors, buses, or storage
  • After firmware updates or configuration changes

Why This Code Appears

  • A safety check or assertion failed
  • The system restarted due to watchdog or power conditions
  • A bus, peripheral, or storage operation failed
  • A resource limit was reached (memory/stack)

What Typically Happens Next

  • The device may reboot or enter a fault state
  • A diagnostic message is logged
  • Service intervention may be required for field equipment

What This Code Is Not

  • It is not always user-repairable
  • It is not safe to perform electrical repairs based on guesses

Troubleshooting Checklist

  • Capture the full log output, including any stack trace or code
  • Confirm firmware version and recent configuration changes
  • Check power stability and environmental conditions
  • Isolate peripherals and buses if the fault indicates I/O
  • Use vendor diagnostics and service manuals for the exact model
  • Escalate when the fault is recurring or safety-critical

Notes And Edge Cases

Embedded error identifiers are frequently product-specific; the exact device documentation is critical.

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